Veganism in a Nutshell

Questions-and-Answers

by Bruce Friedrich

Animals eat one another in nature, so why shouldn't we eat animals?

Do you care more about animals than humans?

What would you do with all the animals if everyone went vegan?

"You choose to be a vegan. I choose to be a meat-eater. Live and let live."

Don't plants feel pain?

How can you compare animal abuse to the Holocaust, slavery, etc.?

Aren't vegans deficient in protein, calcium, or other nutrients?

Please note that none of these questions addresses the fact that meat-eating is the worst thing you can do for the environment, supports human injustices both in the U.S. and globally, and harms your own health. Nor do any of these questions address the gratuitous animal abuse on factory farms and in slaughterhouses. I often think that eating meat must be an addiction, because defending it causes normally rational people to resort to questions that have nothing to do with the essential arguments, and pose them as though they justify continuing to eat meat.

Animals eat one another in nature, so why shouldn't we eat animals? Variations on this include, "Aren't humans at the top of the food chain?" and "Aren't humans omnivores?"

Please examine what we do to animals on factory farms and in slaughterhouses, denying animals everything that is natural to them and then killing them in gruesome ways, and try to tell me that this is moral. Nature's law is, without a doubt, Darwin's "survival of the fittest." Some animals may procreate by rape; other animals may fight territorial battles to the death. But we hold ourselves to a higher standard in our interactions with one another. We even hold ourselves to a higher standard with regard to animals we often form special bonds with, such as dogs and cats - readily granting them some basic protections. What animal welfare advocates suggest is that we should also be compassionate toward all animals.

Do you care more about animals than humans? Variations on this include, "With so much human suffering, why don't you focus on human issues?" The interesting thing to me about this one is that none of my friends who run shelters or soup kitchens or who work on famine relief ever asks it. The people who ask this question invariably have not dedicated their lives to alleviating suffering - human or animal. Of course, a vegan diet is the only environmentally responsible diet, it's the healthiest diet, and it's the diet that is the best for U.S. workers and the global poor. Surely, all suffering should be addressed. Princeton bioethicist Dr. Peter Singer said: "When nonvegetarians say that 'human problems come first,' I cannot help wondering what exactly it is that they are doing for human beings that compels them to continue to support the wasteful, ruthless exploitation of farmed animals." One great thing about veganism is that it allows you to take a stand against suffering without doing anything that requires any real time or effort. You just stop supporting cruelty, environmental degradation, exploitation of human workers, and so on.

What would you do with all the animals if everyone went vegan? It is simple economics that as fewer people eat meat and dairy products, prices will go down. All the meat, dairy, and egg products that exist now will be sold, but for less money. As more and more people adopt a vegan diet, less of these products will be produced, because prices will fall. Eventually, we'll stop raising animals for food altogether. Many people who work in these industries, except for those in the top positions in each company, are already being treated very poorly; for example, most slaughterhouse workers aren't given health insurance, and many line workers suffer from carpal tunnel syndrome. So the jobs that replace these jobs will certainly be better than the jobs that are lost as this industry goes the way of the slave trade.

Why are you imposing your will on me? This is sometimes put as, "You choose to be a vegan. I choose to be a meat-eater. Live and let live." The problem here is that meat and dairy consumers are supporting the gratuitous abuse of an animal who had no choice in the matter. They are not putting into practice a "live and let live" philosophy. Just as child abuse involves the child who has no choice, eating meat, dairy, or egg products involves an animal, or many animals, who have had no choice. And just as you can choose to beat your child, you can choose to eat meat. But if you do, you're hurting someone who is powerless to stop you. This should not be your personal choice.

Don't plants feel pain? This also is sometimes posed as, "Where do you draw the line? Rights for roaches?" So far, as best we can determine biologically and physiologically, plants do not feel pain. They are alive and have some sort of response to light, water, etc., but they don't feel pain. Pain requires a brain, a central nervous system, pain receptors, and so on. All mammals, birds, and fish have these things. No plants do. We all know this to be true: We all understand that there is a fundamental difference between cutting your lawn and lighting a cat's tail on fire and between breaking up a head of lettuce and bashing a dog's head in. Birds, mammals, and fish are made of flesh, bones, and fat, just as we are. They feel pain, just as we do. I may not know quite where to draw the line. For example, I'm not sure what a roach or an ant experiences. But I do know with 100 percent certainty that intentionally inflicting suffering because of tradition, custom, convenience, or a palate preference is unethical. And if we're eating meat, dairy products, or eggs, we're intentionally causing suffering, for no good reason.

How can you compare animal abuse to the Holocaust, slavery, etc.? Many great thinkers, from Tolstoy to Harriet Beecher Stowe, to Gandhi, to Albert Schweitzer, to Alice Walker, to Dick Gregory, to Holocaust victim and Nobel laureate Isaac Bashevis Singer have made the point that the same justification is used to support both animal and human exploitation - the moral paradigm of "might makes right" - I can do this to animals, or people, so I'm going to. To follow up on the last question, why do people eat animal products? It's for some inconsequential reason, such as convenience, tradition, or taste, and because they can - because the animals can't defend themselves. No one argues that the animals want to be raised this way, transported this way, killed this way. Most people understand how gruesomely violent slaughterhouses are. But they don't want to bother making the change, even though it's easier than ever. They eat animals because they can. Well, that moral paradigm is no more justifiable when applied to animals than when applied to people. In fact, Isaac Bashevis Singer held that speciesism - bias on the basis of species - is the epitome of this "might makes right" moral paradigm, because animals are the weakest and least able to speak up for themselves. Regardless, though, if you think that animals have any right to be free from gratuitous abuse, and you want to live more in keeping with your principles, then you have to adopt a vegan diet.

Aren't vegans deficient in protein, calcium, or other nutrients? The American Dietetic Association and the World Health Organization, among other groups, point out that vegan diets provide everything we need and that, in fact, they cut out a lot of the stuff that's horrible for us, thus making vegans healthier. The diseases that are killing us are not deficiency diseases. We're dying from heart disease, cancer, and stroke. We're plagued with diabetes and obesity. You can be an unhealthful vegan, but it's a heck of a lot easier to be an unhealthful consumer of meat, dairy products, and/or eggs. Dr. T. Colin Campbell argues that animal products are like tobacco - a little bit probably won't hurt you, but why risk it? They're bad for you. Of course, you can be a vegan, technically, and do nothing but drink soda and eat French fries. One should make an effort to eat a variety of foods and to be as healthful as possible. I certainly encourage people to read books like Dr. Neal Barnard's Eat for Life, Dr. John McDougall's The McDougall Program for Women, and Becoming Vegan, by Vesanto Melina and Brenda Davis.

Wasn't Hitler a vegetarian?
No. People who ask this have fallen victim to NAZI propaganda that wanted to frame Hitler as an ascetic, focused only on the needs of the German people. There is ample documentation of his meat-eating. Even if he had been a vegetarian, this would be a absurd argument against ethical vegetarianism, because even if he had he been a vegetarian, it would clearly not have been for ethical reasons. To compare Hitler to Gandhi or Schweitzer is really quite bizarre. For more information on this topic, we recommend the book Hitler: Neither Vegetarian nor Animal Lover by Rynn Berry, available here.

I'm a vegan, and I am interested in being more effective and more active. What can I do? PETA has, at GoVeg.com, a list of more than 20 things, from the very easy to the more involved, that people can do, and I encourage people to check it out and to let me know if we've neglected anything. Rather than picking a few of them, let me just make a few quick comments about activism. First off, in life, some sort of activism is a duty: Consider the Golden Rule. If you were starving in Central America or suffering on a factory farm or slaughterhouse, you would want people to speak up for you, to do whatever they could to lessen your suffering. There are a lot of problems in the world, and all of us should be either giving money or devoting a significant portion of our time to making the world a more compassionate place. Second, we also have a duty to be active in a way that is as effective as possible. Again, regardless of our chosen issue, we need to evaluate the most effective means of communicating for a better world.

For me, this latter point includes trying not to make veganism seem like some horribly difficult diet. I don't push issues like honey or hidden ingredients, because getting someone to eliminate the obvious animal products will eliminate 99 percent of their support for suffering. Generally, they'll come around on issues like honey and hidden whey or casein or whatever. The vegan issue is new enough for people, without making it seem like a chore. I also try to put into practice the principles of Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People. This book has probably been read by every corporate executive in the country. If it can be used to make money, it can be used to make vegans.

Please do check out GoVeg.com and explore some of the books that are recommended and some of the suggestions in the link entitled, "Great Ways to Promote Vegetarianism." There are great ideas there for everyone, and all of us should strive to do as much as we can to alleviate the suffering of animals who have no voice and can't work in their own behalf.

Thanks so much for caring enough to listen through this recording. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., said that one of the great tragedies of history is that so many people fail to remain awake through great periods of social change. I'm convinced that we're in one of those periods.

Thanks very much for remaining awake.

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